How to get Tezos

In this how-to we explain how to get up-to-date binaries to run Tezos (more precisely, the “Octez” implementation of Tezos software) on any network (either on the mainnet or on one of the test networks). Tezos consists of several binaries (i.e., executable files), including: a client, a node, and a baker. (Before the Ithaca protocol it also included an endorser.)

There are several options for getting the binaries, depending on how you plan to use Tezos:

  • getting static binaries. This is the easiest way to get native binaries for the latest stable release, requiring no dependencies, under Linux.

  • installing binaries. This is the easiest way to install native binaries for the latest stable release, together with their dependencies, using a package manager.

  • using docker images. This is the easiest way to run the latest stable release of the binaries in Docker containers, on any OS supported by Docker.

  • building the binaries via the OPAM source package manager. Take this way to install the latest stable release in your native OS environment, automatically built from sources.

  • setting up a complete development environment by compiling the sources like developers do. This is the way to take if you plan to contribute to the source code. It allows to install any version you want (typically, the current development version on the master branch) by compiling it yourself from the sources.

These different options are described in the following sections.

Note that some of the packaged distributions are not only available for the latest stable release. For instance, static binaries are also available for release candidates, and Docker images are also available for the current development version (see Release System for more information).

When choosing between the installation options, you may take into account the convenience of the installation step (and of upgrading steps), but also efficiency and security considerations. For instance, static binaries have a different memory footprint compared to dynamically-linked binaries. Also, compiling the sources in the official Tezos repository is more secure than installing OPAM packages from a repository that is not under Tezos control. In particular, compiling from sources enforces a fixed set of dependencies; when compiling via OPAM, this set of dependencies may change, which may or may not be compatible with your security practices.

All our installation scenarios are tested daily, including by automated means, to ensure that they are correct and up to date. These tests are performed by applying scenarios in several standard environments, from scratch. However, if you encounter problems when performing one of the installation scenarios in your own environment, you may want to take a look at Installation troubleshooting.

Getting static binaries

You can get static Linux binaries from the latest release in the tezos-packaging repository.

This repository provides static binaries for x86_64 and arm64 architectures. Since these binaries are static, they can be used on any Linux distribution without any additional prerequisites. However, note that, by embedding all dependencies, static binary executables are typically much larger than dynamically-linked executables.

For upgrading to a newer release, you just have to download and run the new versions of the binaries.

Installing binaries

Depending on your operating system, you may install Tezos (dynamically-linked) binaries and their dependencies using a package manager, as follows.

Ubuntu Launchpad PPA with Tezos packages

If you’re using Ubuntu, you can install packages with Tezos binaries from a Launchpad PPA. Currently it supports Focal and Bionic versions.

In order to add the stable release PPA repository to your machine, do:

  REPO="ppa:serokell/tezos"

Alternatively, to add the release candidates PPA instead, do:

  REPO="ppa:serokell/tezos-rc"

Then, to install the binaries, run the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository -y $REPO && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y tezos-client
sudo apt-get install -y tezos-node
sudo apt-get install -y tezos-baker-014-ptkathma
sudo apt-get install -y tezos-accuser-014-ptkathma

Upgrading to a newer release is made easy by the APT package manager, using commands such as apt-get update, apt-get upgrade <package>, and apt-get install <new-package>. Indeed, as the names of some packages (e.g. the baker) depend on their version, you may have to also install new packages. You may take a look at the available packages in the Tezos PPA repository listed by apt-get update.

Fedora Copr repository with Tezos packages

If you’re using Fedora, you can install packages with Tezos binaries from a Copr repository. Currently it supports Fedora 35.

In order to add the stable Copr repository to your machine, do:

  REPO="@Serokell/Tezos"

Alternatively, to add the release candidates Copr repository instead, do:

  REPO="@Serokell/Tezos-rc"

Then, to install the binaries, run the following commands:

dnf copr enable -y $REPO && dnf update -y
dnf install -y tezos-client
dnf install -y tezos-node
dnf install -y tezos-baker-014-PtKathma
dnf install -y tezos-accuser-014-PtKathma

Upgrading to a newer release is made easy by the DNF package manager, using commands such as dnf upgrade <package>, and dnf install <new-package>. Indeed, as the names of some packages (e.g. the baker) depend on their version, you may have to also install new packages. You may take a look at the available packages in the Tezos Copr repository listed by dnf repoinfo.

Using Docker Images And Docker-Compose

For every change committed in the GitLab repository, Docker images are automatically generated and published on DockerHub. This provides a convenient way to run an always up-to-date octez-node.

One way to run those Docker images is with docker-compose. We provide docker-compose files for all active protocols. You can pick one and start with the following command (we’ll assume alpha on this guide):

cd scripts/docker
export LIQUIDITY_BAKING_VOTE=pass # You can choose between 'on', 'pass' or 'off'.
docker-compose -f alpha.yml up

The above command will launch a node, a client, a baker, and an accuser for the Alpha protocol.

You can open a new shell session and run docker ps in it, to display all the available containers, e.g.:

8f3638fae48c  docker.io/tezos/tezos:latest  tezos-node            3 minutes ago  Up 3 minutes ago   0.0.0.0:8732->8732/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9732->9732/tcp  node-alpha
8ba4d6077e2d  docker.io/tezos/tezos:latest  tezos-baker --liq...  3 minutes ago  Up 31 seconds ago                                                  baker-alpha
3ee7fcbc2158  docker.io/tezos/tezos:latest  tezos-accuser         3 minutes ago  Up 35 seconds ago                                                  accuser-alpha

The node’s RPC interface will be available on localhost and can be queried with tezos-client.

docker exec node-alpha tezos-client rpc list

Building Docker Images Locally

The docker image used throughout the docker-compose files is fetched from upstream, but you can also build one locally and reference it. Run the following commands to build the image:

./scripts/ci/create_docker_image.build.sh
./scripts/ci/create_docker_image.minimal.sh

And then update the docker-compose file (e.g., alpha.yml) with the docker tag:

node:
  image: tezos:latest
  ...

Docker Image Configuration

Lastly, the entrypoint script (scripts/docker/entrypoint.sh) provides the following configurable environment variables:

  • DATA_DIR: The directory to store the node’s data (defaults to /var/run/tezos).

  • NODE_HOST: The name of the node container (defaults to node).

  • NODE_RPC_PORT: The RPC port to listen to (defaults to 8732).

  • NODE_RPC_ADDR: The RPC address that the node will listen to (defaults to localhost).

  • PROTOCOL: The protocol that will be used.

These variables can be set in the docker-compose file, as demonstrated in alpha.yml:

node:
  ...
  environment:
    PROTOCOL: alpha
  ...

If the above options are not enough, you can always replace the default entrypoint and command fields.

version: "3"
services:
  node:
    container_name: node-alpha
    entrypoint: /bin/sh
    command: /etc/my-init-script.sh
    volumes:
      - ./my-init-script.sh:/etc/my-init-script.sh
      - ...
    environment:
      PROTOCOL: alpha
 ...

Building from sources via OPAM

The easiest way to build the binaries from the source code is to use the OPAM source package manager for OCaml.

This is easier than setting up a complete development environment, like developers do. However, this method is recommended for expert users as it requires basic knowledge of the OPAM package manager and the OCaml packages workflow. In particular, upgrading Tezos from release to release might require tinkering with different options of the OPAM package manager to adjust the local environment for the new dependencies.

Environment

Currently Tezos is being developed for Linux x86_64, mostly for Debian/Ubuntu and Arch Linux. The following OSes are also reported to work: macOS (x86_64), Arch Linux ARM (aarch64), Debian Linux (buster), Ubuntu Linux (focal). A Windows port is feasible and might be developed in the future.

Note

If you build the binaries by using the following instructions inside a Docker container, you have to give extended privileges to this container, by passing option --privileged to the docker run command.

Install OPAM

First, you need to install the OPAM package manager, at least version 2.0, that you can get by following the install instructions.

After the first install of OPAM, use opam init --bare to set it up while avoiding to compile an OCaml compiler now, as this will be done in the next step.

Install Tezos OPAM packages

The latest Tezos release is available (as soon as possible after the release) directly as OPAM packages.

Note

Every file related to OPAM is (by default) in $HOME/.opam which means that, first, OPAM installs are user-specific and, second, you can get rid of everything by removing this directory (+ updating your rc files ($HOME/.bashrc, $HOME/.profile, $HOME/.zshrc, $HOME/.emacs, …) if you asked/allowed OPAM to add some lines in them).

The binaries need a specific version of the OCaml compiler (see the value of variable $ocaml_version in file scripts/version.sh). To get an environment with it do:

wget -O latest-release:version.sh https://gitlab.com/tezos/tezos/raw/latest-release/scripts/version.sh
source latest-release:version.sh
opam switch create for_tezos $ocaml_version
eval $(opam env)

Note

The opam switch create command may fail if the switch already exists; you are probably re-installing or upgrading an existing installation. If the required compiler version has not changed since the last time, you may simply ignore this error. Otherwise, you are upgrading to a new compiler, so look at the relevant section below.

The command eval $(opam env) sets up required environment variables. OPAM will suggest to add it in your rc file. If, at any point, you get an error like tezos-something: command not found, first thing to try is to (re)run eval $(opam env --switch $ocaml_version) (replace $ocaml_version with its value in scripts/version.sh) to see if it fixes the problem.

In order to get the system dependencies of the binaries, do:

# depext handling is done directly by opam 2.1 and later
opam depext tezos

Note

If an OPAM commands times out, you may allocate it more time for its computation by setting the OPAMSOLVERTIMEOUT environment variable (to a number of seconds), e.g. by adding OPAMSOLVERTIMEOUT=1200 before the command. If no timeout occurs, you may omit this part.

Now, install all the binaries by:

opam install tezos

You can be more specific and only opam install octez-node, opam install octez-baker-alpha, … In that case, it is enough to install the system dependencies of this package only by running opam depext octez-node for example instead of opam depext tezos.

Warning

Note that opam install octez-client and opam install octez-signer are “minimal” and do not install the support for Ledger Nano devices. To enable it, run opam install ledgerwallet-tezos in addition to installing the binaries. (The macro meta-package tezos installs ledgerwallet-tezos.)

Updating via OPAM

Installation via OPAM is especially convenient for updating to newer versions. Once some libraries/binaries are installed and new versions released, you can update by:

opam update
opam depext
opam upgrade

It is recommended to also run the command opam remove -a in order to remove the dependencies installed automatically and not needed anymore. Beware not uninstall too much though.

Identified situations where it will be more tricky are:

  • When the OCaml compiler version requirement changes. In this case, you have several possibilities:

    • Be explicit about the “upgrade” and do opam upgrade --unlock-base ocaml.$new_version tezos. Note that starting from OPAM version 2.1, this option is replaced by --update-invariant (see the opam-switch manual).

    • Remove the existing switch (e.g., opam switch remove for_tezos, but be aware that this will delete the previous installation), and replay the installation instructions.

    • Replay the installation instructions while creating a different switch (e.g. ocaml_${ocaml_version}_for_tezos), but be aware that each switch consumes a significant amount of disk space.

  • When there are Rust dependencies involved. The way to go is still unclear. The solution will be defined when delivering the first release with Rust dependencies.

Setting up the development environment from scratch

If you plan to contribute to the Tezos codebase, the way to go is to set up a complete development environment, by cloning the repository and compiling the sources using the provided makefile.

TL;DR: From a fresh Debian Buster x86_64, you typically want to select a source branch in the Octez repository, e.g.:

  REPO="tezos/tezos"
  BRANCH="latest-release"

and then do:

# [Temporary fix: removes tezos folder from PATH if added with Octez <= v13 instructions]
PATH=${PATH##"$HOME"/tezos/:}
sudo apt-get install -y rsync git m4 build-essential patch unzip wget opam jq bc
# [install rust]
wget https://sh.rustup.rs/rustup-init.sh
chmod +x rustup-init.sh
./rustup-init.sh --profile minimal --default-toolchain 1.60.0 -y
# [source cargo]
. $HOME/.cargo/env
# [get sources]
git clone https://gitlab.com/"$REPO".git tezos
cd tezos
git checkout $BRANCH
# [install Tezos dependencies]
opam init --bare
make build-deps
# [compile sources]
eval $(opam env)
make
# [optional setup]
# puts Octez binaries in PATH:
# export PATH=$PWD/_build/install/default/bin/:$PATH
# if using bash, enables autocompletion:
# source ./src/bin_client/bash-completion.sh
# removes Mainnet/testnet disclaimers:
# export TEZOS_CLIENT_UNSAFE_DISABLE_DISCLAIMER=Y

Warning

If you are updating to Octez v14 using a development environment which had been used to build Octez versions up to v13.x, and also you have previously exported the tezos directory to the $PATH environment variable, the following stanza is necessary to avoid potential issues with opam in the make build-deps step:

PATH=${PATH##"$HOME"/tezos/:}

Otherwise, it is possible for make build-deps to fail with the following (or a similar) error:

make: opam: Permission denied
Makefile:53: *** Unexpected opam version (found: , expected: 2.*).  Stop.

The following sections describe the individual steps above in more detail.

Note

Besides compiling the sources, it is recommended to also install Python and some related tools, which are needed, among others, to build the documentation and execute some of the tests.

Install Rust

Compiling Tezos requires the Rust compiler (see recommended version in variable $recommended_rust_version in file scripts/version.sh) and the Cargo package manager to be installed. If you have rustup installed, it should work without any additional steps on your side. You can use rustup to install both. If you do not have rustup, please avoid installing it from Snapcraft; you can rather follow the simple installation process shown below:

wget https://sh.rustup.rs/rustup-init.sh
chmod +x rustup-init.sh
./rustup-init.sh --profile minimal --default-toolchain 1.60.0 -y

Once Rust is installed, note that your PATH environment variable (in .profile) may be updated and you will need to restart your session so that changes can be taken into account. Alternatively, you can do it manually without restarting your session:

. $HOME/.cargo/env

Note that the command line above assumes that rustup installed Cargo in $HOME/.cargo, but this may change depending on how you installed rustup. See the documentation of your rustup distribution if file .cargo does not exist in your home directory.

Install Zcash Parameters

Tezos binaries require the Zcash parameter files to run. Docker images come with those files, and the source distribution also includes those files. But if you compile from source and move Tezos to another location (such as /usr/local/bin), the Tezos binaries may prompt you to install the Zcash parameter files. The easiest way is to download and run this script:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zcash/zcash/master/zcutil/fetch-params.sh
chmod +x fetch-params.sh
./fetch-params.sh

The node will try to find Zcash parameters in the following directories, in this order:

  1. $XDG_DATA_HOME/.local/share/zcash-params

  2. $XDG_DATA_DIRS/zcash-params (if $XDG_DATA_DIRS contains several paths separated by colons :, each path is considered)

  3. $OPAM_SWITCH_PREFIX/share/zcash-params

  4. ./_opam/share/zcash-params

  5. ~/.zcash-params

  6. ~/.local/share/zcash-params

  7. /usr/local/share/zcash-params

  8. /usr/share/zcash-params

If the node complains that it cannot find Zcash parameters, check that at least one of those directories contains both files sapling-spend.params and sapling-output.params. Here is where you should expect to find those files:

  • if you are compiling from source, parameters should be in _opam/share/zcash-params (you may need to run eval $(opam env) before running the node);

  • if you used fetch-params.sh, parameters should be in ~/.zcash-params.

Note

Some operating systems may not be covered by the list of directories above. If Zcash is located elsewhere on your system (typically, on MacOS X), you may try creating a symbolic link such as: ln -s ~/Library/Application\ Support/ZcashParams ~/.zcash-params.

Note that the script fetch-params.sh downloads a third file containing parameters for Sprout (currently called sprout-groth16.params), which is not loaded by Sapling and can be deleted to save a significant amount of space (this file is much bigger than the two other files).

Get the sources

Tezos git repository is hosted at GitLab. All development happens here. Do not use our GitHub mirror which we don’t use anymore and only mirrors what happens on GitLab.

Checkout the latest-release branch to use the latest release. Alternatively, you can checkout a specific version based on its tag.

Install Tezos dependencies

Install the OCaml compiler and the libraries that Tezos depends on:

make build-deps

Alternatively, if you want to install extra development packages such as merlin, you may use the following command instead:

make build-dev-deps

Note

  • These commands create a local OPAM switch (_opam folder at the root of the repository) where the required version of OCaml and OCaml Tezos dependencies are compiled and installed (this takes a while but it’s only done once).

  • Be sure to eval $(scripts/env.sh) when you cd into the repository in order to be sure to load this local environment.

  • As the opam hook would overwrite the effects of eval $(scripts/env.sh) the script will disable the opam hook temporarily.

  • OPAM is meant to handle correctly the OCaml libraries but it is not always able to handle all external C libraries we depend on. On most systems, it is able to suggest a call to the system package manager but it currently does not handle version checking.

  • As a last resort, removing the _opam folder (as part of a git clean -dxf for example) allows to restart in a fresh environment.

Compile

Once the dependencies are installed we can update OPAM’s environment to refer to the new switch and compile the project:

eval $(opam env)
make

Lastly, you can also add the Tezos binaries to your PATH variable, and after reading the Disclaimer a few hundred times you are allowed to disable it with TEZOS_CLIENT_UNSAFE_DISABLE_DISCLAIMER=Y.

You may also activate Bash autocompletion by executing:

source ./src/bin_client/bash-completion.sh

Warning

Note that if your shell is zsh, you may need extra configuration to customize shell completion (refer to the zsh documentation).

Update

For updating to a new version, you typically have to update the sources by doing git pull in the tezos/ directory and replay the compilation scenario starting from make build-deps. You may also use make clean (and rm -Rf _opam/ if needed) before that, for restarting compilation in a fresh state.